Forces loyal to Syria’s President Bashar al-Assad flash victory signs while riding on the back of a military truck in Palmyra city, in Homs Governorate in this handout picture provided by SANA on March 27, 2016.

Syrian government forces backed by Russian air strikes battled ISIS insurgents around Palmyra on Monday, trying to extend their gains after taking back control of a city whose ancient temples were dynamited by the ultra-radical militants.

The Kremlin on Monday also said Russian ground forces did not take part in the Syrian army’s operation to drive ISIS fighters out of Palmyra, but the Russian air force did and it will continue assisting Syrian government troops.

“We are talking about air support by our planes. Our armed forces are not conducting any land operations there,” Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told a teleconference with reporters.

“After the withdrawal of part of our (military) contingent from Syria, air force units remaining at two bases – in Hmeymim and Tartous – will continue fighting terrorist groups … and will continue supporting the Syrian’s army’s offensive.”

The loss of Palmyra on Sunday amounts to one of the biggest setbacks for the militant group since it declared a caliphate in 2014 across large parts of Syria and Iraq.

The Syrian army said the city, home to some of the most extensive ruins of the Roman Empire, would become a “Launchpad” for operations against ISIS strongholds in Raqqa and Deir al-Zor, further east across a vast expanse of desert.

Syrian state media said on Monday that Palmyra’s military airport was now open to air traffic after the army cleared the surrounding area of ISIS fighters.

There were clashes northeast of Palmyra between ISIS and forces allied to the government, supported by Syrian and Russian air strikes, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which monitors the war.

Air strikes, believed to be Russian, also targeted the road running east out of Palmyra towards Deir al-Zor, it said.

Although most of the ISIS force fled Palmyra on Sunday, there were still some militants in the city, the Observatory said. Observatory director Rami Abdulrahman also said most residents fled before the government offensive and it had not heard about any civilian deaths.

On Sunday six explosions were heard triggered by triple car bombings inside the city and its fringes by the militant group. Three militants with suicide belts also blew themselves up, inflicting unspecified casualties among army forces and allied troops, the Observatory said.

Syrian state-run television broadcast from inside Palmyra, showing empty streets and badly damaged buildings.

Abdulrahman said 417 ISIS fighters were so far known to have died in the campaign to retake Palmyra, while 194 people were killed on the Syrian government side.

Russian withdrawal

Russia’s intervention in September turned the tide of Syria’s five-year conflict in Assad’s favor. Despite Moscow’s declared withdrawal of most military forces two weeks ago, Russian jets and helicopters carried out dozens of strikes daily over Palmyra as the army thrust into the city.

In a phone call with Russian President Vladimir Putin, Assad said Russia’s air support had been essential in taking back Palmyra, and said the city would be rebuilt.

Russia said it would assist with securing and removing landmines in Palmyra following the campaign, but is still showing signs of its partial withdrawal from Syria.

Three heavy attack helicopters have left Moscow’s Hmeimim air base in Syria for Russia, Russian state TV channel Rossiya-24 reported on Monday.

ISIS’s ejection from Palmyra came three months after it was driven out of the city of Ramadi in neighboring Iraq, the first major victory for Iraq’s army since it collapsed in the face of an assault by the militants in June 2014.

ISIS has lost ground elsewhere, including the Iraqi city of Tikrit and the Syrian town of al-Shadadi in February, as its enemies push it back and try to cut links between its two main power centers of Mosul in Iraq and Raqqa in Syria.

On Friday the United States said it believed it had killed several senior ISIS militants, including Abd ar-Rahman al-Qaduli, described as the group’s top finance official and aide to its leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

There was fierce fighting around the ISIS-held town of Qaryatain on Monday, 100 km (60 miles) west of Palmyra, which the Syrian government has also been trying to retake. ISIS seized Qaryatain last August after taking Palmyra.

Syrian television broadcast footage from inside Palmyra’s museum on Sunday showing toppled and damaged statues, as well as several smashed display cases.

Syria’s antiquities chief said other ancient landmarks were still standing and pledged to restore the damaged monuments.

“Palmyra has been liberated. This is the end of the destruction in Palmyra,” Mamoun Abdelkarim told Reuters on Sunday. “How many times did we cry for Palmyra? How many times did we feel despair? But we did not lose hope.”

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