Several dozen fighters capable of committing terror attacks may already be present on the continent, the EU police agency says.

Even as Daesh (the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) loses ground in Iraq and Syria, its fighters still have the ability and the will to launch attacks in Europe, the European Union’s police agency warned Friday.

Several dozen fighters capable of committing terror attacks may already be present on the continent, and more are expected to join them if the group is defeated or severely weakened in the Middle East, Europol’s European Counter Terrorism Center said in a report on militant tactics.

A separate analysis by German security authorities offered insight into the mind-set of those who have returned from Syria and Iraq. Only about 1 in 10 have grown disillusioned with the extremist ideology, according to the confidential report, which was obtained by the German newspaper Die Welt. Nearly half — 48 per cent — remain committed to that world, it said.

Together, the reports offer a grim assessment of the continuing threat posed by Daesh at a time when Iraqi forces, backed by the United States and other foreign allies, are attempting to drive the militants from their last major stronghold in that country.

High profile attacks — including the gun and bomb assault on Paris nightspots that killed 130 people in November 2015 and bombings at a Brussels airport and subway station that killed 32 others in March — demonstrate Daesh’s ability to quickly plan and carry out relatively complex operations, the Europol report said. Counterterrorism officials believe such attacks could be coordinated from Libya in future.

The report also noted that the group has urged followers to launch attacks on their own using any means at their disposal. The devastating potential of such lone-wolf-style operations was demonstrated in July, when a truck ploughed into a crowd of revellers who were celebrating Bastille Day in Nice, killing 85 people and injuring hundreds more.

Future assailants are likely to use some of the same tactics but may also deploy car bombs and other strategies from the battlefield in Iraq and Syria, Europol said.

“We have to be vigilant, since the threat posed by the so-called Islamic State and returning foreign fighters is likely to persist in the coming years,” said Gilles de Kerchove, counter-terrorism coordinator for the 28-member EU, in a statement. “These people are trained to use explosives and firearms and they have been indoctrinated by the [extremist] ideology.”

Rather than aim their attacks at the police or military, these fighters appear to have shifted their focus to soft targets in order to instill maximum fear in the population, the Europol report said.

This suggests that attacking critical infrastructure, such as power grids and nuclear facilities, is not currently a priority. Neither are cyber-attacks, in Europol’s opinion, because of the comparatively low effect on the general public.

France remains high on Daesh’s target list, it said. The report mentioned several possible explanations, including the country’s position as a symbol of Western culture, its economic and military engagement in predominantly Muslim nations in Africa and the Middle East, and the social and economic isolation of Muslims in some of its urban areas.

The report also cited Daesh’s “obsession with history and honour,” saying the group blames France in particular for the breakup of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War and the abolition of the caliphate, a form of Islamic rule.

It cautioned, however, that any EU member that has joined the US-led coalition fighting Daesh in Iraq and Syria is also a potential target. The militants also have an interest in staging attacks in Germany in order to turn public opinion against the influx of refugees from Syria, it added.

Authorities in Germany estimate that as many as 100 of their nationals were leaving each month to join the fight Syria and Iraq at the time Daesh proclaimed its caliphate in 2014. But the new report said just 49 such departures were recorded between July 2015 and June 2016.

Of the 274 militants who are known to have returned to Germany, about a quarter cooperated with officials, providing information about the extremist scene in Syria and at home, Die Welt reported. But the paper said that in about 8 per cent of cases, the authorities believed that the returnees were simply taking a break from the battlefield or helping move money or equipment.

While Daesh is the main group threatening Europe, Europol warned that Al Qaida and other extremist factions remain a potential threat — “and a reason for the EU to focus on a broader range of religiously inspired groups.”

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