Erdogan said all potential measures – including economic and military initiatives that involved land and air space – were on the table.

:: Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan said Iraqi Kurds would go hungry if his country halts the flow of trucks and oil across the border with northern Iraq and warned that all military and economic measures were on the table against its neighbor.

The comments, some of the harshest yet from Erdogan about Monday’s referendum in Iraq’s semi-autonomous Kurdish region, came as Iraqi troops joined the Turkish army for military exercises near Turkey’s border with northern Iraq.

While initial results indicated overwhelming support for independence, Turkey – long northern Iraq’s main link to the outside world – sees the referendum as a threat to its own security, fearing it will inflame separatism among its Kurdish population.

“(They) will be left in the lurch when we start imposing our sanctions,” Erdogan said in a speech broadcast live on television. “It will be over when we close the oil taps, all (their) revenues will vanish, and they will not be able to find food when our trucks stop going to northern Iraq.”

Turkey, which is home to the region’s largest Kurdish population, is battling a three-decade Kurdish insurgency in its southeast, which borders northern Iraq. Erdogan said on Monday that traffic was only being allowed to cross from the Turkish side of the border into Iraq.

Erdogan has repeatedly threatened economic sanctions, but has given few details. Hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil a day flow through a pipeline in Turkey from northern Iraq, connecting the region to global oil markets.

Iraq, including the Kurdish region, was Turkey’s third-largest export market in 2016, according to IMF data. Turkish exports to the country totaled $8.6 billion, behind Germany and the United Kingdom.

Military measures possible

Erdogan said all potential measures – including economic and military initiatives that involved land and air space – were on the table, adding that Iraqi Kurds would be incapable of forming a state.

“They don’t have an idea on how to be a state. They think that they are a state just by saying it. This can’t and won’t happen,” he said.

Turkish and Iraqi troops are pictured during a joint military exercise near the Turkish-Iraqi border in Silopi.